Showing posts with label 1930s. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1930s. Show all posts

Behind the Scenes at a Chinese Motion Picture Studio


From the Moving Image Research Collections at the University of South Carolina comes an extraordinary piece of Chinese movie history: rare newsreel outtakes shot in January 1934 showing the production of a film at what is believed to be the Tianyi studio. Founded in Shanghai in 1925 by four brothers named Shaw (you may have heard of them), the Tianyi Film Company (天一影片公司) was a pillar of Chinese moviemaking during the 1920s and 30s (just like the family's Shaw Brothers studio some 30 years later). You can read more about the studio at The Chinese Mirror, my top one-stop shop for information about early Chinese cinema. But let me just point out that, as far as I know, none of the approximately 120 films made by Tianyi between 1925 and 1939 have survived, which makes this newsreel footage very precious indeed.

I've not had any luck in positively identifying the film or its stars. But I'm going to hazard a guess — even though I always fall on my ass whenever I go out on a limb — that the leading lady seen in the footage might be Fan Xuepeng (范雪朋), 1920s wuxia queen and star of Red Heroine / 红侠 (1929), one of the earliest surviving Chinese martial-arts movies. She worked at Tianyi from 1934 to 1937 and made a half-dozen or so films for the studio. One of them, Spring Dreams in the Dance Hall / 舞宫春梦 (1934), seems likes a possible match for the production shown in these outtakes.

Needless to say, I'm seeking the help of anyone who might be able to shed some light on this mystery film. Okay, enough talking. Click HERE to watch the clip.

Anna May Wong: Style Goddess


The always fashionable Anna May Wong on the cover of Spanish movie magazine Cinegramas (March 1935). Find the real deal here.

Shanghai Fashionistas: The Thirties

I just discovered these fabulous vintage Shanghai fashion illustrations on eBay, my favorite hunting ground for ephemeral treasures. They're allegedly from a 1930 magazine. To see the illustrations on the backside of these prints or to buy them for yourself, click here and here.





And while we're on the subject of Chinese fashion, let me recommend two items I recently enjoyed: Antonia Finnane's book Changing Clothes in China: Fashion, History, Nation (2008); and Mao's New Suit (1997), Sally Ingleton's documentary about pioneering designers Sun Jian and Guo Pei.

Shanghai Girl Goes to India



I was flipping through the Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema last night and spotted something unexpected in this still from director V. Shantaram's 1939 film Manoos. The glamorous beauty in the foreground is Marathi actress Shanta Hublikar, but look closer and you'll notice a qipao-clad calendar girl behind her. Those Shanghai ladies sure got around!

DVD Spotlight: Wild Rose (1932)


"Comrades in arms! Tell me that you love your country. Those who love China, raise your hands!"

If you find yourself irresistibly following the command of patriotic charmer Wang Renmei — shown above in a memorable scene from her debut film, Wild Rose (1932) — stop reading right now and order a copy of the recently released DVD of this silent classic. If you still need a little convincing, then read on.

Written and directed by Sun Yu, Wild Rose is an early example of the left-wing film movement that arose in response to Japan's aggression against China during the 1930s. According to the memoirs of Wang Renmei, Sun wrote the script in response to the September 18th Incident (1931) and subsequent occupation of Manchuria. Filming started at the end of the year and finished just as the Japanese army launched its attack on Shanghai on January 28th.

Knowing about these events definitely adds to the viewing of Wild Rose, but the heart of the film — a simple story of love and friendship — has a universal appeal which requires no familiarity with that turbulent era.

Korean Chinese actor Jin Yan plays an idealistic rich-kid artist who finds his muse in sassy village girl Wang Renmei. After she loses her father in a fire, he takes her to Shanghai, where they end up living in a tenement with his two buddies. Their makeshift family is broken apart by the trials of poverty, but they are finally reunited during a demonstration to save China.



Prior to her debut in Wild Rose, Wang Renmei was a member of the famous Ming Yue Song & Dance Troupe (founded by Li Jin-hui, the father of Chinese pop music). In 1931 after the group signed a contract with the Lianhua Film Company, Wang caught the eye of Sun Yu, who'd been scouting the group for new actresses. Sun wrote the script for Wild Rose with Wang in mind, and by her own admission, she essentially played herself in the film.

While Wang's ingenuous charm is enough to make her eminently watchable, she more than proves her acting chops by gracefully handling the film's many shifts from comedy to romance to drama.




She even performs a little slapstick in one of Wild Rose's funniest scenes, in which Jin Yan dresses her up and takes her home to meet his father. Unaccustomed to wearing heels and stockings, Wang makes a hilariously disastrous first impression.



It's easy to see why Sun Yu chose Wang Renmei as his own muse. She's the perfect embodiment of the vitality and optimism that characterized his films.

Known in his heyday as the "Poet Director" (and recognized nowadays as Chinese cinema's first auteur), Sun was also a meticulous craftsman who strove to raise the technical quality of Chinese filmmmaking to Hollywood standards. Wild Rose features the first crane shots to appear in a Chinese film. Wang Renmei recalls that Sun commissioned the construction of a "steel-framed, hand-operated camera crane over 13 metres high" to help him portray the crowded spaces of Shanghai's tenement buildings.


"Those kind of people don't know anything about art. They have no idea what you've achieved!"



All of these elements combine to make Wild Rose an indisputable classic of Chinese cinema. Until now the film has only been available on a poor quality VCD with untranslated intertitles and no music. But thanks to the efforts of Richard Meyer (Board President Emeritus of The San Francisco Silent Film Festival), Wild Rose can finally be seen in the manner it deserves.

Expertly translated English intertitles are presented alongside the original Chinese titles, and the film is accompanied by a beautiful score composed by pianist Donald Sosin, who has worked his music magic on such films as Nosferatu and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Donald's playing exhibits an extraordinary sensitivity that's perfectly attuned to the nuances and depths of Sun Yu's lyrical cinema.

The Wild Rose DVD can be ordered directly from The San Francisco Silent Film Festival. It's a must-buy not only for Chinese movie fans but also for connoisseurs of world cinema.

What... you're still not convinced? Then take a look — and listen — at the following clip.



Note: Translated excerpts from Wang Renmei's memoirs were published in Griffithiana 60/61 (October, 1997), which also includes several articles by and about Sun Yu.

Movie Stars in the Cartoonist's Eye

Check out these delightful caricatures by cartoonist P. L. Chang from the May 1934 issue of the Shanghai pictorial magazine Young Companion. For those of you who read Chinese, here are the captions. For those who can't (and that includes myself), I'll attempt to conjecture about some of the situations depicted.


Chen Yumei
Remember Chen Yumei, who battled Hu Die for the title of China's movie queen? Supposedly when rising star Hu Die left the Tianyi Film Company in 1928 and signed on with rival Mingxing, Tianyi boss Runje Shaw (the eldest of the Shaw Brothers) decided to take Chen Yumei — one of his actresses — as his second wife and make her the studio's new top star. In this way, it was rumored, the notoriously stingy Shaw wouldn't have to pay a high salary to his leading lady. Poor Chen Yumei... all she could do was dream of getting that crown, while sleeping with rats on a patched mattress.


Wang Renmei
"Wildcat" Wang Renmei had married Korean hunk (and Shanghai's "Emperor of Film") Jin Yan at the beginning of 1934. Jin Yan was an avid hunter and outdoorsman, and if this cartoon is accurate, then "Wildcat" Wang also shared his love of rifles and campfires.


Ai Xia
This cartoon shows Death coming to claim the rebellious modern girl Ai Xia, who committed suicide during the Lunar New Year of 1934. She was China's second female scriptwriter and had written and starred in the film A Woman of Today (1933) before her death. In a traqic turn of events, director Cai Chusheng — who was rumored to have had an affair with Ai and who blamed the Shanghai paparazzi for her death — made a film about her life called New Woman (1935), starring Ruan Lingyu as her fictional stand-in. The press responded to Cai's attack by hounding Ruan Lingyu, who ended up taking her own life shortly thereafter on March 15, International Women's Day. It clearly wasn't easy being a "modern woman" in modern Shanghai.


Li Minghui
A singer turned movie star, Li Minghui was the daughter of "Father of Mandopop" Li Jinhui. In 1934 she married one of China's most famous athletes, football star Lu Zhongen. To read more about Li Minghui, check out The Chinese Mirror, your one-stop shop for information (in English!) about early Chinese cinema.


Hu Die
Here's Queen Hu Die looking a little uptight. I don't know what's going on in the cartoon, but I wonder if it's a reference to Hu Die's suit against her fiance for the annulment of their long-standing engagement. She also demanded monetary compensation for being taken out of the marriage market for such a long time (I believe they were engaged for three years). According to one American newspaper account, Hu Die was "never loath to use her affairs of the heart as stepping stones for her career" (Salt Lake Tribune, March 1, 1936).


Hu Ping
All I can tell you about Hu Ping is that she played the mad woman in Song at Midnight (1937), an adaptation of The Phantom of the Opera that was later remade in Hong Kong during the 90s as The Phantom Lover, starring Leslie Cheung. I'm curious to know more about her, so please leave a comment if you have any information.


Xu Lai
My buddy Oldflames helped me identify this one and was kind enough to translate the caption, in which Xu Lai says, "I couldn't live another day if I can't dance." I guess she was known for her terpsichorean passion. And to think, I only knew her as the first Chinese actress to do a bathtub scene.


Ruan Lingyu
And last but not least is our beloved Ruan Lingyu, whose winning smile and lanky beauty is perfectly captured by cartoonist P. L. Chang.

I hope you've enjoyed these as much as I have!

Scenes from Shanghai's Night Life

Check out these wonderful postcards that went for auction on eBay recently. I'm not absolutely certain, but I think they're the work of cartoonist Friedrich Schiff, an Austrian Jew who lived in Shanghai during the 1930s and 40s.

Born in 1908 into an artistic family (his father was a painter, his mother an actress), Schiff studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.

In 1930, at the invitation of his cousin, Schiff visited Shanghai and fell in love with the city and its people. He ended up living there for 14 years, until 1947 when he moved to Buenos Aires.

Schiff had worked as a newspaper cartoonist in Vienna and continued this line of work in Shanghai. Soon he became famous for his amusing caricatures of the city's inhabitants, from beggars and expats to sailors and sing-song girls.

In 1934, he began a fruitful collaboration with photojournalist Ellen Thorbecke (who was the wife of the Dutch ambassador to China). Like Schiff, Thorbecke was also a Sinophile. Together they created a series of illustrated travel books about China's major cities: Peking Studies (1934), Shanghai (1938), and Hong Kong (1938). From what I've read (see the link below), the books are quite charming. Unfortunately, I don't know if I'll ever get a chance to peruse them, since they apparently fetch a pretty steep price in the rare book marketplace.

However, there is a compilation of Schiff's Shanghai sketches called Vicissitude of Old Shanghai (老上海浮世绘), which I am dying to get my hands on. I found it for sale at a Chinese online bookseller only to discover, after I had successfully managed (with the help of Google Translate) to set up an account, that the book is currently out of stock. Boo-hoo for me... but I'll track it down. I don't give up easily once I'm on the hunt!



Further Reading
  • Images from Maskee: A Shanghai Sketchbook by Schiff (ca. 1938)
  • "Records of Hong Kong: Arthur Hacker profiles two out-of-the-box 1930s Hong Kong artists"

Anna May Wong and Wang Renmei


This photo of Anna May Wong in Shanghai, taken during her 1936 trip to China, was just auctioned on eBay. I love Anna May, but I don't even try to collect her memorabilia, since it usually ends up priced way beyond my wallet's comfort level. Nevertheless, I now wish I made a bid for this particular piece — especially after I figured out the movie featured in the background advertisements: Song of Everlasting Regret (長恨歌), a 1936 melodrama starring "Wildcat" Wang Renmei as a divorced housewife who aspires to become a singer but ends up an exploited sing-song girl driven to murder.

I suppose this post is but my own small song of regret...


Shanghai film star Wang Renmei
Courtesy of the amazing Shanghai Memory website (only in Chinese)

Charming Lovebirds: Victor Sen Yung and Iris Wong

I've been slowly making my way through the Charlie Chan DVD collection. After seeing Victor Sen Yung in a couple of other features, I decided to jump ahead a bit and check him out in the role that launched his career: as Jimmy Chan, the detective's number two son in the Sidney Toler films.

What a surprise it was to see him paired up with the equally charming Iris Wong in an all too brief romantic interlude in Charlie Chan in Reno (1939). I'll have more to say later about each of them, but for now just sit back and enjoy the wonderful chemistry between Victor and Iris. In this clip you can get a rare glimpse of regular Chinese Americans unburdened by the stereotypes of Hollywood.

Florence Hin Lowe: Chinese Wonder Girl


That's lovely contortionist Florence Hin Lowe on the cover of Billboard (January 8, 1944), an event which was probably the zenith of her twenty-odd-year career. Inside the magazine was the following account of how she got into show business.

FLORENCE HIN LOWE
'China's Sock Contortionist'


"You have to work pretty hard." These six words sum up a modest self-estimate of the talent which has made Florence Hin Lowe's contortion acts one of the socks of showbiz.

It took more than hard work to get Florence Hin Lowe near a stage at all. She is Chinese, and the Chinese view the theater with somewhat more than suspicion. There was a lot of determination involved before she got her Canton-born parents to let her attend acrobatic school at the age of seven. And there were a lot of raised eyebrows in the Los Angelese Chinese community when she went.

However, Flo fooled them all. At 8 she played the Paramount Theater in Los Angeles, at 11 she was on the stage at Grauman's Chinese Theater there. When she was 12, her parents gave up their dried goods business and moved Flo and her aerial somersaults to Chicago.

She's been a sock ever since. In Vancouver, B.C., the Chinese community declares a holiday when she hits town. In Washington, the Chinese ambassador's wife brought the whole embassy staff to see her.

However, being a regular show-stopper hasn't spoiled Florence in the least. If you try to talk to her about her act, she just blushes and says:

"Well, you have to work pretty hard."

And work hard she did. Although her career may not have been glamorous by Hollywood standards, Florence undoubtedly had plenty of great stories to tell after she retired.

That's her on the left when she was just 10 years old, performing at the commencement of a Los Angeles dancing program (Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune, August 7, 1930).

In 1937 she was the lead act of Ted Mack's "Precision Rhythm Orchestra and Revue (The Ogden Standard-Examiner, October 12).

In 1941 Florence was traveling with veteran showman A.B. Marcus, "a sort of road show Ziegfeld", whose revues were "comprised of those sure fire staples of 'flesh' entertainment — plenty of beautiful girls, a good chorus line, an exotic dancer or two, a sprinkling of variety acts and some dependable comics" (Syracuse Herald-Journal, March 1). Evidently, the company of more than 60 performers had "recently returned from a three-year world tour, in which they visited many of the principal cities of Japan, China, the Philippine Islands, South Africa, East Africa, India, Burma, Federated Malay states, Straits settlements, Java, Hong Kong, Cuba, and a return run in Mexico" (The Charleston Gazette, August 17, 1941).

In 1942 Florence was performing in Reno at the State Line Country Club in a floor show headlined by an act called Chick and Lee, "Nitwits of Nonsense" (Reno Evening Gazette, July 30). Now that's show business for you!

In 1943 she was still doing her "rubber-body stuff", this time at New York's Folies Bergere Theater-Restaurant, in a Chinese production number that also included Forbidden City alumni Noel Toy, Jadine Wong, and Li Sun (Billboard, June 12).


Ad in Billboard magazine (August 8, 1943)

By 1949 Florence was performing at town fairs, like the Great Hagerstown Fair in Hagerstown, Maryland, and the Eastern Carolina Agricultural Fair in Florence, South Carolina (in 1950). The description of her act in the Hagerstown newspaper suggests that she had perhaps reached the bottom of the entertainment circuit: "The Lily Lady is pleasant, smiling and good to look at. There is no doubt but what the audience will shout for more when they see this charming performer go through her unusual routines in front of the grandstand" (The Daily Mail, September 16, 1949). Oh dear!

Thankfully, it seems that she climbed back up the ladder, at least to the theater-restaurants of Reno. In late 1951, she was performing at the Hotel Golden, and also with Tom Ball's China Doll Revue, headlined by "Chinese Hillbillies" Ming & Ling.


Well, that's all I know. I'm curious to find out the ending of her story. If anyone out there happens to know what happened to Florence Hin Lowe, the Chinese Wonder Girl, do let me know.

Get Shanghaied!


Moonlight over Huangpu River, 1930s.
By Yuan Xiutang (dates unknown). Chromolithograph on paper. Collection of the Shanghai History Museum.

This lovely lady will be appearing in the Shanghai exhibit opening next Friday at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco. I'll have more to say about the show once I see it, but before then let me make two announcements.

The Asian Art Museum will be giving away a pair of free tickets each week during the exhibit. The ticket giveaway is only open to California residents, so my condolences to all of you living outside the Golden State. But if you are lucky enough to live in the Bay Area, you should definitely enter. You only need to do it once to be eligible for all weekly giveaways.

Secondly, I will be a guest blogger at the Asian Art Museum Blog, starting in March on a monthly basis throughout the duration of the exhibition. I'll keep you posted here, but better if you subscribe to their RSS feed, so you don't miss out on anything. There promises to be lots of great stuff. In fact, just yesterday there was a post about the first Chinese animated feature, Princess Iron Fan (1941).

OK... what are you waiting for? Get Shanghaied!

The Lost World of Esther Eng


Mad Fire, Mad Love (1949)

The lost films of Esther Eng, the pioneering Chinese American female director, are as tantalizing as the above advertisement for her last movie, Mad Fire, Mad Love, a color feature set and shot in Hawaii.

A couple of weeks ago Frank Bren, co-author of Hong Kong Cinema: A Cross-Cultural View, wrote a wonderful tribute to Esther Eng in memory of her passing 40 years ago. Hers is a fascinating story that deserves to be better known. Unfortunately, none of the nine films she directed have survived. Frank and Hong Kong movie historian Law Kar have been trying to restore Esther to her proper place in film history. They've written about her in their book (mentioned above) and have created a website (that is, sorry to say, sorely in need of a redesign). Evidently, they are also developing a feature film about her life. All of which is a roundabout way of excusing myself from duplicating their research and encouraging you to read Frank's article, look for Hong Kong Cinema: A Cross-Cultural View at your local library, and visit the Esther Eng website.

Let me instead present some primary source materials that I've been able to dig up. First is a full page ad for Esther's first film project, Heartaches (1936). The ad comes from the January 31, 1936 issue of Chinese Digest, an English-language Chinese American news magazine published in San Francisco.


Heartaches (1936)

The production of the film was chronicled in Chinese Digest in the months leading up to its release. On December 6, 1935 it was reported that scenes were shot in San Francisco Chinatown before the crew left for Hollywood to finish filming the story. On December 13, 1935 it was revealed that Heartaches would include scenes shot in Technicolor, still a new process at that time (the first feature shot in Technicolor, Becky Sharp had just been released the previous summer). On December 20, 1935 it was reported that production had been completed and that the film would be released shortly. On December 27, 1935 it was announced that Heartaches would debut at the Mandarin Theatre in San Francisco Chinatown on New Year's Day. I've been unable to confirm if the premiere happened as planned, but the following news item from February 14, 1936 suggests that the screening may been postponed.

"Heartaches" to Be Shown This Week

Cathay Pictures' super singing and talking picture, "Heartaches", will be shown at the local Mandarin Theater this Saturday and Sunday, with Wei Kim Fong, stage star, in the leading role.

"Heartaches" is financed by Quon Yi Lum, and produced by Esther Eng and Bruce Wong, with Paul Ivano, formerly Gloria Swanson's best cameraman, doing the camera work. Story and direction are by Frank Tong and Henry Tung.

[NOTE: Frank Tong (Tang) worked in Hollywood as an actor and technical advisor for more than twenty years. He also provided the calligraphy for the the signs and banners in The Good Earth.]

The story concerns an aviation student in America, Ching, played by Beal Wong, who falls in love with an opera star, played by Wei Kim Fong. The manager of the opera company, jealous of Fong's constant rendezvous with Ching, threatens to discharge her and send her back to China.

[NOTE: Beal Wong was a bit player in Hollywood for some 30 years, appearing in nearly 50 films.]

Ching finishes his training, goes to war in China, and is separated from his loved one. While in China, he marries and Fong, hearing about it, is heartbroken.

Capacity audience is expected to witness this stirring film. All of the players in the cast, with the exception of the star, are American-Chinese. Miss Eng with Miss Fong, will journey shortly to China to seek prospective film stars for their coming productions. They will stay in China for two months.

The present picture will also be shown in Singapore in the near future.

In May 1936 Esther Eng and Wai Kim Fong did indeed sail to Hong Kong, where they screened Heartaches. Wai Kim Fong would star in Esther's next two films, her first as director: National Heroine (1937), a patriotic movie about a woman who joins the Chinese army to prove that the "weaker" sex is vital to the defense of China; and Ten Thousand Lovers (1938), a Grandview film produced by Joseph Sunn Jue.

Esther would return to the U.S. and work again with Grandview on several pictures, including Golden Gate Girl (1941), starring a young Bruce Lee, just three months old; and A Fair Lady by the Blue Lagoon (1947), a love story set in rural California.


A Fair Lady by the Blue Lagoon (1947), aka The Blue Jade

Esther Eng's final film was Mad Fire, Mad Love (1949). Later that year she moved to New York City and opened a Chinese restaurant: an inconspicuous ending to the story of a forgotten movie pioneer.

Let me leave you with one last interesting item about Esther from the May 8, 1936 issue of Chinese Digest, on the eve of her career as film director. In a column called "Lien Fa Saw You" talking about the latest hairstyles being worn in Chinatown, Esther — quite a fetching tomboy — is among the ladies mentioned (and, I might add, so is Li Tei Ming, future wife of Charlie Low and featured singer at Forbidden City).

As Miss Esther Eng favors sports clothes, her hair is fashioned "in tune". A sleeky boyish bob is worn with one very slight wave at the left side, which breaks the straightness. When attending a formal affair, more waves may be seen, a clever idea, and most charming on Miss Eng.

Thanks to The Chinese Mirror and Roast Pork Sliced From A Rusty Cleaver for the heads-up about Frank Bren's article!

* NOTE: the image of Mad Fire, Mad Love at the top of this post is not an actual artifact but a composite that I created from identical, but differently colored, versions of an ad that appeared in a Chinese movie magazine.

Toy and Wing: Turning On the Heat

Lately I've been trying to track down the movie appearances of various Forbidden City performers. Needless to say, they are few and far between, and often not what they promise to be.

Noel Toy, the most famous exotic dancer of the Chinese nightclub era, is the headline act at a San Francisco strip club in the Betty Grable movie How To Be Very, Very Popular (1955). I wasn't exactly surprised when I read in the movie synopsis that she plays the murder victim who sets the plot in motion, but I was pretty disappointed when I finally saw the movie. Can you believe that she doesn't even get to dance before she gets killed?!

Chinese Skyroom owner Andy Wong and exotic dancer Barbara Yung are listed as appearing in the Frank Sinatra film Pal Joey (1957), but when I watched the movie, they were nowhere to be seen, at least not on the DVD.

Dance team Jadin Wong and Li Sun allegedly appear in Around the World (1944), a musical comedy showcasing Kay Kiser and his band as they trot the globe entertaining U.S. troops. When the band stops in Chungking, you'd think it would be the perfect opportunity for Jadin Wong and Li Sun to strut their steps — but what the eff?! Where did they go?

Is this some kind of conspiracy? In a color-blind industry, some of these talented folks could have been stars. But in Hollywood, they simply disappeared.

Lucky for us, there are two performers who, by comparison, are well represented on celluloid: Dorothy Toy and Paul Wing. I won't bother telling their story, since it's readily available elsewhere.

You can read about Dorothy in Aging Artfully by Amy Gorman (available here on Google Books).

And don't miss this wonderful documentary made by Rick Quan (the first Chinese American sports anchor in the United States and a familiar face on Bay Area television for more than 20 years).

Okay, enough sour grapes. Let's enjoy the sizzling Toy and Wing in the musical short Deviled Ham (1937).


* The entire film is available here.

Lotus Liu: Almost a Star


A couple of weeks ago I wrote about the real Chinese players who appeared alongside the yellowface leads of The Good Earth (1937) and promised that I would profile some of these forgotten actors.

First up is Lotus Liu. Her story is a little sad. She was actually chosen to play Lotus, one of the film's featured roles, but in the end lost the part to a white actress. Let's follow her promising, but ill-fated, trajectory to stardom before it finally missed its mark.

LOTUS LIU OF SHANGHAI
GETS SCREEN START
Young Unknown Only Chinese-Born Lead
in "Good Earth"


By BARBARA MILLER

— HOLLYWOOD

Shanghai, which gave the world — and Hollywood — the impudent Lyda Roberti, has produced another potential prodigy.

Her name is Lotus Liu and she will play Lotus, the Soochow sing-song girl and home-wrecker, in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's "The Good Earth". The 19-year-old unknown is the only China-born principal in a cast headed by Paul Muni (Austria) and Luise Rainer (Germany).

Unlike Roberti, product of Shanghai's famous cabaret system, Lotus comes to Hollywood with a French convent, English school background. Her father is Chinese, her mother American.

Seen on a Bus

Oriental in appearance, pleasantly English in accent, Lotus is strictly American in aspirations. Arriving here two years ago as a student, she probably would be fluttering masculine hearts on Southern California campuses if M-G-M's astute Billy Grady hadn't glimpsed her one afternoon on a bus.

Waiting for a bus does have its compensations after all. For since then, everything has been easy for Lotus. Though the studio tested thousands of girls for the part — American and European, as well as Chinese and Eurasian — her youth and vitality won the battle.

It's a break of a lifetime, this part, and Lotus knows it. Talking nineteen to the dozen, the other afternoon on the "Good Earth" set, she looked like one of the better college freshman in her military-minded gray suit and absurd scarlet handkerchief perched on her black curls. But her ambitions are adult. China's famous passiveness is conspicuously absent.

Father Not Told

Lotus is living in Beverly Hills, with her mother and two brothers. But her father, long in the service of the national government of China, is in Nanking. He hasn't been informed of his daughter's good fortune.

"You know how things are in China," she reminded me, wrinkling her pretty nose. After we had reminisced about our last meeting — on a windy Nanking road corner the day the Liu family left Shanghai for California — she continued, "It's so different being in pictures here. And government people are so conservative."

Originally the Nanking government didn't care a great deal for the Buck masterpiece. The poverty of China's peasantry is not the angle the younger, foreign-educated officials strive to present to the world. And the story of Wang Lung and his stolid, homely wife is the story of the soil: of mud huts and famine and marauding war lords sickeningly familiar outside the treaty ports.

Deleted by Experts

The film version, however, has been operated on by experts — for something like three years. Removal or modification of all episodes dealing with opium traffic, famine and banditry so pleased the powers at Nanking that the ill-fated George Hill and his technical experts shot exteriors all over China two years ago.

But the character of the predatory Lotus escaped unscathed, according to the girl who will play the part. Lotus is her real name. And she has a sister called Blossom.

"I'm just a so-and-so," she explained, with a characteristic shrug of her slim shoulders. "I get into Wang Lung's house as his second wife and live there in luxury. I even snatch his poor wife's favorite pearl earrings. But when the lord and master discovers that I'm getting too fond of his good-looking young son he rises up in his wrath and shouts "Go!" And that — I'm afraid — is the end of poor Lotus."

Such an ignominious end is all very well for Lotus, the Soochow charmer, a quaint little figure in her short silk jacket and baggy trousers, lotus flowers in her hair. But for Lotus Liu — with an American mother, a Chinese father and her own ideas of getting on in the world — it's only the beginning.

— San Antonio Express, May 10, 1936

More like the beginning of the end: it was soon reported in The San Antonio Light (June 20, 1936) that Lotus Liu was being replaced by Sidney Fox, best remembered today for her role as the damsel in distress in Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932). But then, just two weeks later (July 1, 1936), the paper followed up with the news that Lotus was back again for the role.

After signing Lotus Liu (an Eurasian beauty) for the role of Lotus in the picture, the powers-that-be suddenly had a brain storm and decided that Sidney Fox would make a better Lotus than a real Chinese girl so Miss Liu was out and Miss Fox was in. At least, temporarily. After two weeks of testing, Miss Fox was found unsatisfactory for the role and now Miss Liu is right back again and this time — she'll stay."

Well, no — not this time. Lotus was replaced once again by a white actress. This time it was Austrian dancer Tilly Losch, who ended up shooting the role. And here's the real kicker: according to one source I've found (Award-Winning Films of the 1930s by John Reid), Lotus Liu dubbed the lines for thick-accented Tilly Losch. Talk about sucks!

Alas, the "break of a lifetime" for this "potential prodigy" just disappeared into thin air. Nevertheless, even though Lotus Liu lost her chance to star in The Good Earth, she does appear briefly in the film. She's not listed in the cast credits on IMDB or the TCM movie database, but thanks to the Chinese Digest article (which I transcribed in my previous post), I was clued in to her 10 seconds of fame.

Here she is folks, making the absolute most of her meager screen time — the charming Miss Lotus Liu!

Happy Birthday Anna May!


Here's a belated toast to Anna May Wong (born January 3, 1905), one of this blog's behind-the-scenes muses. I was flipping through Anna May Wong: From Laundryman's Daughter to Hollywood Legend by Graham Russell Gao Hodges yesterday but somehow overlooked that it was her birthday.

This photo, taken by Paul Tanqueray, comes from the March 1930 issue of Theatre World and proves that, eighty years later, Anna May is still the coolest thing around.

Special thanks to Anna May Wong Daily for the birthday reminder!

*Photo courtesy of the eBay Archive

The Good Earth: Keeping It Real


Left to right: Roland Lui, Caroline Chew, Chingwah Lee, Mary Wong, James Z.M. Lee, Soo Yong, William Law, Lotus Liu, and Frank Tang

For the longest time I avoided watching The Good Earth (1937). For me it was always just that film for which Anna May Wong was passed over as leading lady in favor of a white actress. Because of its reputation today as a yellowface extravaganza, it's easy to overlook the importance of The Good Earth as a positive change in the way that Chinese were portrayed on the Hollywood screen.

Of course, it would have been an even more significant change if the roles had been played by Chinese actors. Pearl Buck evidently tried to convince MGM to do just this. At one point, there was talk about Shanghai movie queen Hu Die starring in the lead role of O-Lan and even about making the film with Chinese dialogue and English subtitles. Now, that would have been groundbreaking! But since this is Hollywood, the story ends disappointingly with Austrian actress Luise Rainer winning an Academy Award for her frankly mediocre portrayal of O-Lan.

Last year I finally decided to give The Good Earth a try after discovering the following article in the March 1937 issue of Chinese Digest. It alerted me to some of the real Chinese folks who starred in and worked on the film. Sadly, most of them were used — per the recommendation of casting director Albert Lewin — as "atmosphere" rather than as principal actors.

It's a shame, really. In my opinion, Chingwah Lee could have given a much more natural performance as Wang the farmer than Paul Muni. William Law, who appears briefly as a gate keeper, could have performed the role of Wang's uncle just as well as character actor Walter Connolly. Soo Yong could have easily replaced Jessie Ralph. Poor Lotus Liu was actually chosen for the role of Lotus (Wang's second wife), but it eventually fell into the hands of Austrian dancer Tilly Losch.

Anyway, it's no use playing "what if". Let us instead salute the real Chinese of The Good Earth, some of whom I'll be profiling in the coming weeks.

WHO'S WHO AMONG THE CHINESE
IN "THE GOOD EARTH"



Soo Yong is an A.B. from the University of Hawaii and an M.A. from Columbia University. Her major is botany, and she has taught in high schools. She made her bow to America when she served as curtain raiser for Mei Lan Fang, and America is still loud in praise of her fine English diction — "better than the best among the English and American". She made history again when she appeared as a Manchu princess in the picture "Painted Veil". After that performance MGM chained her by a "Good Earth" contract to play both the ancient mistress and the sloppy sharp-tongued aunt.


Mary Wong is the prettiest Chinese girl appearing in "The Good Earth". In San Francisco she is a buyer and expert sales manager at the China Emporium, of which she has a partnership. In "The Good Earth" she radiated so much charm as the Little Bride that no cutting of even an inch from her acting was possible without removing something of the uniqueness from the picture. However, they had to make her speechless for the simple reason that Chinese brides are supposed to be seen but not heard. "That's the most difficult thing for me to do — remaining silent", said Mary afterward.


Keye Luke is known to the world through his Charlie Chan series of thrillers, in which he plays the Chinese detective's son. But a new personality emerged in the Elder Son of "The Good Earth". The part being more in keeping his personality he did a very fine portrayal. Keye was an artist from Seattle before he took up acting. His painting has that subtle touch which characterizes a Sung. An intellectual of the first order, his vocabulary would put the average American to shame. An introvert, he likes a good smoke, a quiet conversation among friends, and a laugh at the antics of Sinclair Lewis's children.


Roland Lui is typical of the second generation Chinese — a good athlete, a high school graduate, the personification of health and pep. Plays football and basketball with relish. He received a year's training at the Motion Picture Academy (with pay) before participating in "The Good Earth".


William Law is a representative to the Chinese Six Companies; a Chinese division manager of the Pacific Coast Paper Company, and a career man at the Columbia Importing Company. A good singer, he was on the Orpheum Circuit in the good old days before the depression. He enjoys a good cigar and a good joke — and excels in these two fine arts.


Caroline Chew is a graduate of Mills College, a daughter of the late famous Chung Sa Yat Po publisher, Ng Poon Chew. She studied dancing under both European and Oriental masters and has given many concerts here and in the East. She plays the part of a dancer in "The Good Earth" tea house scene.


Lotus Liu is from Shanghai and was attending USC when signed by MGM to appear in "The Good Earth", moon mandolin and all. Originally, she was to play the part of "Lotus", but the studio executives considered her too sweet for so worldly a role.


Chingwah Lee is a zoologist, ethnologist, ceramic art authority, and one-time social worker. He is a University of California graduate — the alma mater of more California second-generation Chinese than can be counted by this time. He is director and manager of Chinatown Trade and Travel Bureau, active head of the oldest Chinese boy scout troop in the United States, a publisher and associate editor of the Chinese Digest.

A San Franciscan all his life, he is a fount of information on old Chinatown days. He possesses the best private collection of ceramic wares in Chinatown.

He bears a close resemblance to two of China's outstanding men — Dr. Wu Lien-teh and Dr. Hu Shih.

James Z.M. Lee was attending USC as a Shakespearean scholar when signed by MGM to be the technical advisor for "The Good Earth" company. For three long years he assisted with the production, joining the expedition to China for background shots and props. He is considered the most reliable expert on things Chinese in movieland today.

Frank Tang is a member of the art department. A graduate of Mission High of San Francisco and of the Sun Chung Academy, his calligraphy is second to none in southern California. The Chinese banners and other native writings in "The Good Earth" scenes are products of his fine brush.

Happy New Year! (Shanghai-Style)

Here's a wonderful tribute to the recently deceased Wu Yingyin, one of the "Seven Great Singing Stars" of Old Shanghai. It's also a great way to ring in 2010, especially for Bay Area folks like myself who can look forward to Shanghai-related events and exhibits all year long.

The video starts off with Wu Yingyin's song "Drunk Night in Neon Light" accompanied by clips from Cosmetics Market (1933), featuring Shanghai movie queen Hu Die, and Orphan Island Paradise (1939), starring Li Lili. Following that is Wu Yingyin's song "Beautiful Spring Night" with clips from New Year's Coin (1937) and Scenes of City Life (1935).



Thanks to SHUESIK for the excellent video, and best wishes to all of my readers for a happy and healthy 2010!

Learning Mandarin with Zhou Xuan


Lyrics card for Zhou Xuan's "Song of Four Seasons"

I'm very excited to tell you about Ambuscade from Ten Sides, a new blog that's sure to become a great English-language resource for Mandarin-impaired fans of classic Chinese pop like myself. So far, blogger Remorseful Prober has been focusing mainly on the legendary "Golden Voice", Zhou Xuan. Besides providing biographical information and translated lyrics for some of her songs (such as "Shanghai Nightlife", "Picking Betel Nuts", and "Lover's Knot"), he has also generously made available for download several out-of-print collections of her songs.

To celebrate this wonderful new blog, here is Zhou Xuan singing one of her signature hits, "Song of Four Seasons" from the 1937 film Street Angel. Okay everybody, let's learn Mandarin with Zhou Xuan!

Memory Never Sleeps


Daybreak (1933), directed by Sun Yu, starring Li Lili and Gao Zhanfei
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